The Hidden Stories in the Wills of 19th-Century Acadians

A postdoctoral fellow at Dalhousie University has made a significant discovery while studying a collection of wills from 19th-century Clare, Nova Scotia. Colby Gaudet’s research reveals that these documents, initially thought to be mundane records of property distribution and inheritance, contain a rich narrative of resistance, resilience, and adaptation.

The context in which these wills were written is crucial to understanding their significance. The Acadian deportation of 1755 had devastating consequences for the community, forcing thousands out of their homes and preventing many from returning until years later. Those who did come back faced systemic exclusion from positions of power, a deliberate attempt by the British to erase the Acadian identity.

The wills of Hilarion Thériault and 23 others take on a different meaning in this context. Rather than being simply records of property transfer, they can be seen as acts of defiance against the dominant Anglo-Protestant culture that sought to suppress their Catholic traditions. These wills “invoke the name of God, amen” in a way distinct from Protestant wills of the time.

The priest who facilitated this process, Jean-Mandé Sigogne, was a French refugee who learned English and established himself in Clare. He acted as an intermediary between the Acadian community and the judiciary system, enabling these wills to be seen not just as individual documents but as part of a larger story of cultural preservation and resistance.

Gaudet’s research also sheds light on the complex relationships between Black people and Acadians during this period. While some Acadians owned slaves, their interactions with free Black individuals in the community were significant. For example, Étienne Thibodeau chose his Black neighbor Anselm Hatfield as a witness to his will.

This story speaks to larger themes about identity, power, and belonging. In an era where racial and cultural tensions are again on the rise, it’s essential to remember the complex histories of communities like Clare. The Acadian experience is often overlooked in Canadian history, but these wills offer a powerful reminder of their struggles and triumphs.

The legacy of these documents extends beyond the small town of Clare. They serve as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Acadian people, who continued to assert their cultural identity despite centuries of oppression. The silence surrounding the Acadian experience is finally beginning to break, thanks in part to researchers like Colby Gaudet who are uncovering the hidden narratives of the past.

As we move forward, it’s crucial to consider how these stories can inform our understanding of contemporary issues. What does it mean for a community to be erased from the historical record? How do we acknowledge and respect the cultural practices of marginalized groups? The wills of 19th-century Acadians offer a glimpse into a world where identity was constantly negotiated, and resistance was often expressed in subtle but powerful ways.

The stories contained within these wills are essential for building a more inclusive and equitable society. By listening to and learning from them, we can begin to create a more just future for all Canadians.